讲解预处理加工常用油料的技术工艺

　     浸出设备;讲解预处理加工常用油料的技术工艺
      油脂设备对油料加工过程中常用的技能及技能，是很多从事油脂出产的朋友注重的疑问，针对此疑问，企鹅粮油专业人士将油料预处理加工技能及技能，为我们介绍如下，期望对您有所裨益。
Oil equipment in the process of oil processing skills and skills, is a lot of friends engaged in the production of oil attention, for this question, the penguin and oil professionals will oil processing skills and skills, for us to introduce as follows, the expectation of benefit to you.
     1.油脂设备精粹传统的预处理技能
The pretreatment of oil equipment the essence of traditional skills 1
     传统的油料预处理技能通常包含整理、破碎、软化、轧坯、生坯烘干等工序。关于高含油质料，现在大都选用一次压榨或预榨技能，即生坯经蒸炒后送去压榨。传统技能就其自身而言，通过多年的出产实践，现已对比老练安稳。其长处是技能流程简略、设备出资较少。
Oil pretreatment skills usually contain traditional process sorting, crushing, softening, rolling, drying and other green. A high oil material, now mostly choose a press or pre press after cooking skills, namely green evacuation to squeeze. Traditional skills in their own terms, through many years of production practice, has now been compared with the sophisticated security. Its advantages are simple skills process, equipment investment is less.
     不足之处是生坯中油料细胞损坏程度小，粉末度大，坯片质地细密紧实，浸出过程中渗透及滴干速度慢，浸出速率低，湿粕含溶高，浸出溶剂对比大，混合油浓度较低。由此而带来蒸腾体系负荷添加、毛油质量差等疑问。根据这种因素，油脂职业多年来一直在探究新的预处理技能，并且现已有所突破。
Deficiency is green fuel cell damage degree is small, powder, blank fine texture, compaction, leaching in the process of infiltration and drip dry speed is slow, the leaching rate low, wet meal containing high melting, leaching solvent compared with big, mixed oil concentration is low. Thus, the increase of the load of the system, the quality of the gross oil and other questions. According to this factor, the oil occupation for many years has been exploring new pre processing skills, and has now been a breakthrough.
2.油脂设备精粹揉捏膨化技能
2 oil equipment essence kneading extrusion skills
     油料揉捏膨化技能是一种新兴的、合适多种油料加工的出产技能，这种技能克服了传统加工技能中物料受热温度高、时间长等疑问。国内该项技能尚处于起步期间，少量油厂运用这项技能。可是本职业现已认识到其开展前景，正在进行研发和运转测验，信任国产膨化机不久即可在油厂得到推广运用。
Oil kneading extrusion skills is a new and more appropriate oil processing production skills, this skill overcomes the traditional processing skills in raw material is heated, high temperature, long time question. The skill is still in the initial period, only a small amount of oil by using this skill. But this occupation has realized the fact that its development prospect, ongoing research and development and operation of the test, trust domestic extruder will soon be in the oil refinery to be popularized and used.
     其技能流程为：质料→整理→破碎→软化→轧坯→揉捏膨化→浸出。选用膨化物料浸出时，浸出溶剂对比生坯浸出大为降低，约为0.65∶1摆布，混合油浓度可到达30%以上。由于膨化过程中的湿热效果钝化了酶类物质，浸出毛油中非水化磷脂削减，提高了毛油质量。因而，膨化技能值得大力推广。
The process is: skills and finishing materials, crushing, softening, rolling, kneading and puffing, leaching. The selection of puffed materials leaching, leaching solvent extraction comparison green leaching is greatly reduced, and the approximately 0.65: 1 the left and right sides, the concentration of mixed oil can reach more than 30%. Due to the expansion process, heat inactivation of the enzymes, the extracted crude oil in non hydrated phospholipid cuts and improve the quality of crude oil. Therefore, the expansion of the skills should be vigorously promoted.
3.油脂设备精粹油料脱皮技能
3 oil equipment oil essence peeling skills
     油料种子中均富含定量的皮壳，这些皮壳中的粗纤维及其他组分会直接影响饼粕的适口性及养分价值，在预处理工段需将其脱除。现在含壳油料的剥壳及壳仁别离技能相对对比老练，技能及设备也对比完善。
Oil seeds were rich in a certain amount of hull, the hull of crude fiber and other group branch directly affect meal palatability and nutritional value, in the preprocessing section need to be removed. Now with shell oil and shell kernel separation and relative sophisticated skills and skills, equipment is perfect contrast.
     这些年，大豆蛋白、菜籽蛋白越来越遭到大家的注重，大豆常用的脱皮技能如下：大豆→整理→分级→烘干→缓苏→破碎→脱皮→软化→轧坯→浸出。整理过程与传统技能共同。烘干后的大豆通过48h～72h的缓苏后进行破碎脱皮。也有的厂家将大豆烘干后即送入流化床冷却，然后破碎脱皮。破碎后脱皮通常选用一次或二次风选法。
These years, soybean, rapeseed protein more and more by people's attention, the soybean common peeling skills are as follows: soybean, sorting, classification, drying, Su, crushing, peeling, softening, rolling billet, leaching gently. Finishing process and traditional skills. After drying the soybean through the 48h ~ 72h of the slow su. Also some manufacturers will be sent to the dry fluidized bed drying, and then broken and peeling. After breaking and peeling usually choose one or two air separation method.
4.油脂设备精粹酶处理技能
4 oil equipment the essence of enzyme treatment skills
     跟着生物工程技能的开展，酶制剂逐步在食物加工中得到了运用，用酶处理油料而制取油脂是这些年开端研讨和运用的一种新技能。油猜中的油脂通常以脂多糖等脂类复合体的方法存在，选用能降解植物细胞壁或油脂复合体的酶处理油料，在机械损坏的基础上，细胞可进一步被损坏，使油脂的开释更为充分。
Along with the development of biological engineering skills, enzyme preparation has been used in food processing, and it is a new technology for the research and application of oil in these years. Grease oil guess often to lipopolysaccharide and lipid complexes, used to degrade the cell walls of plants or oil complex enzyme treatment of oilseeds, on the basis of mechanical damage to the cells can further damage to the oil release more thoroughly.
     这类酶有纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、果胶酶、蛋白酶、淀粉酶等。酶处理技能的技能是将油料整理破碎并研磨成均匀的细微微粒，参加酶制剂处理，再进行固—液别离及液—液别离，然后得到抱负的终究商品。该技能合适于多种油料，但因为本钱较高而约束了进一步推广运用。由于酶法处理质料温度低、所耗能量小，并能使某些油料蛋白脱毒，信任跟着生物技能的开展，酶制剂也会被遍及承受和运用。
This kind of enzyme, pectinase, cellulase, hemicellulase, amylase and protease. The skills of enzymatic treatment is to break up the oil and grind into fine particles, and take part in the preparation of the enzyme, then carry out the separation of the solid and liquid, and then get the ideal product. This skill is suitable for many kinds of fuel, but because of the higher cost, it has restricted the further application of it. Due to the low temperature, low energy consumption, and the energy consumption of some oil proteins, and the development of the following biological skills, the enzyme preparation will also be used in the process.
5.油脂设备精粹微波处理技能
5 oil equipment the essence of microwave processing skills
     微波加热具有速度快、时间短、不受物料形状约束、加热均匀、热效率高、商品质量易确保等特点，且具有湿热效果。运用微波加热质料，可解决热处理油料时因钝化抗养分因子的酶类物质而导致的蛋白变性等疑问。因而，对某些具有要求的质料，可选用微波加热与气流枯燥相结合的方法进行处理。
Microwave heating has the characteristics of fast speed, short time, no material shape constraint, uniform heating, high thermal efficiency, easy to ensure the quality of goods, and has a certain heat and humidity sterilization effect. Using microwave heating material, which can solve the heat treatment of oil due to inactivate the anti nutrient factor of enzymes and lead to protein denaturation and doubt. Therefore, for some special requirements of the material, can be used in combination with microwave heating and air drying method.
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